absolute value: (46) The distance form 0 to the graph of a number on a number line.
acute angle: (174) An angle with measurement between 0 degrees and 90 degrees.
acute triangle: (179) A triangle with three acute angles.
angle: (173) A figure formed by two rays with a common endpoint.
annual rate of interest: (262) A percent of the principal figured on a yearly basis.
arc: (198) A part of a circle.
area: (346) Amount of surface, measured in square units.
bar graph: (434) A graph in which the length of each bar is proportional to the number it represents.
base of a geometric figure: (346, 351, 352, 364) A selected side or face.
base, numerical: (9) A number that is raised to some power. in 52, 5 is the base.
bisector: (198) The line dividing a geometric figure into two congruent parts.
broken-line graph: (434) A graph made by joining successive plotted points.
capacity: (365) A measure of the volume of a container.
center: (188, 378) The point that is equidistant from all points on a circle or a sphere.
chord: (188) A segment joining two points on a circle.
circle: (188) A plane figure composed of all points measuring the same distance from a given point in the plane.
circle graph: (260) A graph that uses the area of a circle to represent a sum of data. The area is divided into segments proportional to the data.
circumference: (188) The perimeter of a circle.
collinear points: (164) Two or more points that lie on the same line.
combination: (458) An arrangement of a group of things in which order does not matter.
common denominator: (100) A common multiple used as the denominator of two or more fractions that are equivalent to the given fractions.
common factor: (97) A number that is a factor of two or more numbers.
common multiple: (100) A number that is a multiple of two or more numbers.
compass: (188) A tool used to draw a circle.
complementary angles: (174) Two angles whose measures have a sum of 90 degrees.
cone: (369) A closed figure formed by a circular region and a curved surface that come to a point.
congruent figures: (192, 360) Figures that have the same size and shape.
coordinate: (14) The number paired with a point on the number line.
coordinate plane: (310) A plane marked with two perpendicular number lines, used to graph ordered pairs of numbers.
corresponding angles: (192) The angles at matching vertices of congruent figures.
cosine of an angle: (416) If angle A is one of the acute angles in a right triangle, the cosine of angle A is the ratio of the length of the side adjacent to angle A to the length of the hypotenuse.
counting numbers: (89) The set of numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, . . . .
cross-multiplying: (217) A method for solving and checking proportions.
cube: (364) A rectangular prism having square faces.
cube root of a number: (462) One of the three equal factors of a number.
cylinder: (365) A geometric solid having two parallel bases that are congruent and one curved surface joining the bases.
data: (434) Numerical information.
decimal system: (13) The place-value numeration system that uses 10 as a base.
degree: (173) Unit of angle measure.
density: (382) The mass per unit volume of a substance.
diameter: (188,378) A chord that contains the center of a circle or a sphere. Also, the length of such a chord.
dimensions: (346) Length, width and height of a space figure.
endpoint: (164) The point at the end of a line segment or ray.
equation: (23) A mathematical sentence with an equals sign to indicate that two expressions name the same number.
equilateral triangle: (179) A triangle in which all sides are congruent.
equivalent equations: (130) Equations that have the same solution.
equivalent fractions: (96) Fractions that name the same fraction.
equivalent inequalities: (293) Inequalities that have the same solutions.
evaluate an expression: (3) To replace variables in an expression with specified values and then complete the indicated arithmetic.
expanded form: (13) The method of representing a number as the sum of products of each digit and powers of 10.
even number: (84) Any multiple of 2.
exponent: (9) A number indicating how many times the base is used as a factor.
extremes of a proportion: (218) The first and last terms of a proportion.
factor: (9) Any of two or more whole numbers that are multiplied to form a product.
fraction: (97) An indicated quotient, for example 2/5. The denominator, 5 in the example, tells the number of equal parts into which the whole has been divided. The numerator, 2, tells how many of these parts are being considered.
frequency distribution: (446) A table that pairs each item in a set of data with its frequency.
frequency polygon: (450) A line graph of frequencies connected to the horizontal axis at each end to form a polygon.
function: (317) A set of ordered pairs in which no two different ordered pairs have the same x-coordinate.
geometric construction: (198) A geometric drawing for which only a compass and a straightedge may be used.
graph of an equation: (320) The line consisting of all points whose coordinates satisfy the equation.
graph of a number: (14) The point on the number line paired with the number.
graphs: See Bar graph, Broken-lone graph, Circle graph, Histogram, Pictograph.
greatest common factor (GCF): (97) The greatest whole number that is a factor of two or more given whole numbers.
grouping symbols: (5) Symbols such as parentheses, ( ), and brackets, that are used to group expressions.
height: (346) The perpendicular distance between the bases of a geometric figure. In triangles, cones, and pyramids, the perpendicular distance from the base to the opposite vertex.
histogram: (450) A bar graph that shows a frequency distribution.
hypotenuse: (402) The side opposite the right angle in a right triangle.
identity elements: (19) 0 is the identity element for addition, because it can be added to any number without changing the value of the number. 1 is the identity element for multiplication, because it may be multiplied by any number without changing the value of the number.
improper fraction: (98) A positive fraction whose numerator is greater than or equal to its denominator, or the opposite of such a fraction.
inequality: (47) A mathematical sentence formed by placing an inequality sign between two expressions.
inscribed polygon: (189) A polygon that has all of its vertices on the circle.
integers: (46) The whole numbers and their opposites: . . ., -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, . . . .
interest: (262) The amount of money paid for the use of money.
interpolation: (399) A method of approximation.
inverse operations: (26) Operations that undo each other. Addition and subtraction are inverse operations, as are multiplication and division.
irrational number: (179) A triangle with at least two sides congruent.
lateral area: (373) The surface area of a solid, not including the bases.
least common denominator (LCD): (100) The least common multiple of two or more denominators.
least common multiple (LCM): (100) The least number that is a multiple of two sides forming the right angle.
legs of a right triangle: (402) The two sides forming the right angle.
like terms: (282) Terms in which the variable parts are the same.
line: (164) A figure determined by two points and extending in both directions without end.
line segment: (164) Two points on a line and all the points between them.
linear equation in two variables: (321) An equation with two variables that can be written in the form ax + by = c, where a and b are both not 0.
lowest terms: (97) A fraction is in lowest terms when the numerator and the denominator have no common factor but 1.
mean: (443) The value found by dividing the sum of a group of numbers by the number of numbers in the group. Also called the average.
means of a proportion: (218) The second and third terms of a proportion.
median: (443) The number that falls in the middle when data are listed from least to greatest. If the number of data is even, the median is the mean of the two middle items.
midpoint: (169) The point of a segment that divides it into two congruent segments.
mixed number: (98) A whole number plus a proper fraction.
mode: (447) The number that occurs most often in a set of data.
multiple: (84) A product of a given number and any whole number.
mutually exclusive events: (470) Events that cannot both occur at the same time.
noncollinear points: (164) Points not on the same line.
number line: (14) A line on which consecutive integers are assigned to equally spaced points on the line in increasing order two mathematical expressions.
number sentence: (23) An equation or inequality indicating the relationship between two mathematical expressions.
numerical coefficient: (3) In an expression such as 3ab, the number 3 is the numerical coefficient of ab.
numerical expression: (2) An expression that names a number, such as 2 + 3.
obtuse angle: (174) An angle with measure between 90 degrees and 180 degrees.
obtuse triangle: (179) A triangle that has one obtuse angle.
odd number: (84) A whole number that is not a multiple of 2.
odds of an event: (466) A ratio that compares the probability of an event occurring and the probability of the event not occurring.
open sentence: (23) A mathematical sentence that contains one or more variables.
opposites: (46) A pair of numbers such as –4 and 4.
ordered pair of numbers: (312) A pair of numbers whose order is important.
origin: (14,312) The graph of zero on a number line, or ( 0,0) in a rectangular coordinate plane.
outcome: (461) The result of an event.
parallel lines: (165) Lines in the same plane that do not intersect.
parallel planes: (165) Planes that do not intersect.
parallelogram: (183) A quadrilateral with both pairs of opposite sides parallel.
percent: (227) A ratio of a number to 100, shown by the symbol %.
percent of change: (246) The amount of change divided by the original amount.
perfect square: (394) A number whose square root is an integer.
perimeter: (184) The distance around a plane figure.
permutation: (453) An arrangement of a group of things in a particular order.
perpendicular bisector: (198) The line that is perpendicular to a segment at its midpoint.
perpendicular lines: (173) Two lines that intersect to form 90 degree angles.
Pi: (188) The ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter.
pictograph: (438) A form of bar graph with the bars replaced by rows or columns of symbols.
plane: (165) A flat surface extending infinitely in all directions.
point: (164) The simplest figure in geometry representing an exact location.
polygon: (183) A closed plane figure made up of line segments.
polyhedron: (364) A three-dimensional formed of polygonal parts of planes.
power of a number: (9, 70) A product in which all the factors, except 1, are the same. For example, 23 = 2 x 2 x 2 = 8, so 8 is the third power of 2.
prime factorization: (90) An expression showing a positive integer as the product of prime factors.
prime number: (89) A whole number greater than 1 that has only two whole number factors, itself and 1.
principal: (262) An amount of money on which interest is paid.
prism: (364) A polyhedron that has two parallel, congruent faces called vases. The other faces are parallelograms.
probability: (461) The ratio of the number of outcomes favoring an event to the total number of possible outcomes.
proper fraction: (98) A positive fraction whose numerator is less than its denominator, or the opposite of such a fraction.
proportion: (217) An equation stating that two ratios are equal.
protractor: (173) A device used to measure angles.
pyramid: (369) A polyhedron that has a polygonal base and three or more triangular faces.
quadrilateral: (183) A polygon with four sides.
radical: (412) An expression such as the square root of 5 or the square root of a; the radical sign is used to denote the square root of a number.
radius: (188, 356) A line segment joining any point on a circle or sphere to the center. Also, the length of that segment.
random variable: (461) A variable whose value is determined by the outcome of a random experiment.
range: (443) The difference between the greatest and the least numbers in a set of data.
rate: (214) A ratio that compares quantities of different kinds of units.
ratio: (210) An indicated quotient of two numbers.
ray: (164) A part of a line with one endpoint.
real number: (119) Any number that is either a rational number or an irrational number.
reciprocals: (113) Two numbers whose product is 1.
rectangle: (184) A quadrilateral with four right angles.
regular polygon: (183) A polygon in which all sides are congruent and all angles are congruent.
relatively prime numbers: (97) Two or more numbers that have no common factor but 1.
replacement set: (23) The given set of numbers that a variable may represent.
rhombus: (184) A parallelogram in which all sides are congruent.
right angle: (174) An angle with measure of 90 degrees.
right triangle: (179) A triangle with a right angle.
rigid motions: (193) Motions such as rotation, translation, and reflection, used to move a figure to a new position without changing its shape or size.
rounding: (14) A method of approximating a number.
scalene triangle: (179) A triangle with no two sides congruent.
scientific notation: (76) A method of expressing a number as the product of a power of 10 and a number between 1 and 10.
segment: (164) See line segment.
semicircle: (188) Half of a circle.
sides of an equation: (23) The mathematical expressions to the right and to the left of the equals sign.
sides of a figure: (178, 183, 212) The rays that form an angle or the segments that form a polygon.
similar figures: (196) Figures that have the same shape but not necessarily the same size.
simple form: (106) A mixed number is in simple form if its fractional part is expressed in lowest terms.
simplify an expression: (2) To replace an expression with its simplest name.
sine of an angle: (416) If the square root of A is an acute angle of a right triangle, the sine of the square root of A is the ratio of the length of the side opposite the square root of A to the length of the hypotenuse.
skew lines: (166) Two nonparallel lines that do not intersect.
slope of a line: (328) The steepness of a line; that is, the ratio of the change in the y-coordinate to the change in the x-coordinate when moving from one point on a line to another point.
solid: (364) An enclosed region of space bounded by planes.
solution: (23, 130) A value of a variable that makes an equation or inequality a true sentence.
solving a right triangle: (420) The process of finding the measures of the sides and angles of a right triangle.
sphere: (378) A figure in space made up of all points equidistant form a given point.
square: (184) A rectangle with all four sides congruent.
square root of a number: (394) One of the two equal factors of the number.
statistical measures: (443) Measures including the range, mean, median, and mode used to analyze numerical data.
supplementary angles: (174) Two angles whose measures have a
sum of 180 degrees.
surface area: (373) The total area of a solid.
symmetric: (360) A figure is symmetric with respect to a line if it can be folded on that line so that every point on one side coincides exactly with a point on the other side. A figure symmetric with respect to a point O if for each point A on the figure there is a point B on the figure for which O is the midpoint of AB.
system of equations: (324) A set of two or more equations in the same variables.
tangent of an angle: (416) If the square root of A is an acute angle of a right triangle, the tangent of the square root of A is the ratio of the length of the side opposite the square root of A to the length of the side adjacent to the square root of A.
terms of an expression: (3) The parts of a mathematical expression that are separated by a + sign.
terms of a proportion: (217) The numbers in a proportion.
transformation: (130, 282) Rewriting an equation or inequality as an equivalent equation or inequality.
trapezoid: (183) A quadrilateral with exactly one pair of parallel sides.
triangle: (178) A polygon with three sides.
trigonometric ratios: (416) Any of the sine, cosine, or tangent ratios.
value of a variable: (2) Any number that a variable represents.
variable: (2) A symbol used to represent one or more numbers.
variable expression: (2) A mathematical expression that contains a variable.
vertex of a angle: (173) The common endpoint of two intersecting rays.
vertex of a polygon or polyhedron: (178) The point at which two sides of a polygon or three or more edges of a polyhedron intersect.
volume: (364) A measure of the space occupied by a solid.
x-axis: (312) The horizontal number line on a coordinate plane.
x-coordinate: (312) The first number in an ordered pair of numbers that designates the location of a point on the coordinate plane. Also called the abscissa.
y-axis: (312) The vertical number line on a coordinate plane.
y-coordinate: (312) The second number in an ordered pair of numbers that designates the location of a point on the coordinate plane. Also called the ordinate.
Source: Pre-Algebra An Accelerated Course
Houghton Mifflin Publishers
Copyright: 1988
ISBN: 0-395-43051-8
